Method and apparatus for forming glass stemware



Sept. 29, 1925. 5 1,555,215

A. KADOW METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING GLASS STEMWARE 5115a Nov. 1o,1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 26 ll 3 27 E6 A. KADOW METHOD AND APPARATUS FORFORMING GLASS STEMWARE Sept. 29, 1925.

3 Sheets-Sheet 5 F119;! Nqv. 10. 1922 1 NI" lltn STATES v I 1,555,215.PATENT OFFICE.

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Qap ucano uean vemiu 10,,1'922. Serial in. 300,051.

- a To all 'whmit timely-comma Be it known that LlAu'cus'r Know, acitizen of the United States, and a resident of Toledo,'in the county ofLucas and State of Ohio, have made an. Invention Appertaining to aMethod and Apparatus for Forming Glass Stemware; and I dohereby declarethe following to be a full, clear, and

exact description of the invention, such as .will enablgpthers skilledin the art to which it appertalns to make and use the same, referencebeing had to the accompany-ing drawings, and to the characters ofreference marked thereon, which. form. apart of. this specification.-

This invention relates to the manufacture of glass articles, andparticularly manufacture of articles of this class it has unite the two,or if the articles are formed or moldedfro'm a single gather of. glassby either pressingor blowing the gather, such forming of the stem. footand bowl portions of the article has, taken place in a difierent mold ormolds from that in whichthe orig.- inal blank is gathered.

Ali-object ofhe invention to'simplify the manufacture of glassware'ofthis character by forming the foot andstem portions thereof complete inthe. gathering mold or head andsubsequently developing the blank portionat the'outel. endof the stem form the bowl of the article.

The invention is fully described in the 01- lowing specification, andwhile, in 1 its broader aspect, it is capable of embodiment in .numerousforms, a preferred embodiment thereof is illustrated inthe accompanyingdrawings, in which,--

Figure '1 is a fragmentary vertical section of'a machine embodying theinvention showing a gathering unit and an associated blank receivingand'blowingunit in the act of receiving 'a' blank from the gatheringunit, with the body mold open and with parts broken away. Fig. 2 is anenlarged plan view of the forward end portion of the gathering unit withthe body molds in open position. Fig. 3 is an enlarged plan view of theneck molds of the gathering unit with a portion of the associatedoperating means. Fig. 4 is a front end elevation of one of the gatheringhorns of the gathering mechanism gathering to that. class of articlesknown as Stemware. In the.

with the associated neck mold sections in closed position and with theblank mold sections removed. Fig. 5 is an enlarged sideelevation of theforwardend portion of the mechanism with parts broken away, with thebody molds open and with the blank carrying portion of a blowing unit inthe act of receiving a blank from thegathering unit. 'Fig. 6 ,is a planview of one of the body molds in open position.

Fig. -7. is an enlarged'sectional fragmentary view of the blow pipe of ablowing unit and finishing mold in associated relationl Fig.

is a view similar to Fig. l withthe gather- -1ng mechanism inlongitudinal section, the

gathering mold sections open, and with the blow pipe of the blowingunitfragmentaril shown and in the act of taking the blan away from thegathering unit. Fig. 9 is. a sectional view illustrating the initialblowing step in the operation. Fig. 10 is a.

similar .vi illustrating the partially blown. blank beforeinsertin intothe finishing mold, and Fig. 11 is a ragmentaryelevation ofthe gatheringend of the gathering unit with the associated mold sections in closedrelation and containing a gather.

In carrying out the method embed ing this invention, the blank isgathered rom a source of molten glass by means of a suction head, whichgives the final shape to the stem or the stem andfoot portion. of thethe initial shape to the 'bowl portion thereof. The bowl is thenreleased bythe' body and 'ware,, such for instance, as tumblers, and

neck molds and engaged by a. spindle or. I

blow-pipe, after which a into the bowl portion-of t e b lun er is forcedlank to form I a depression at the outer end thereof in the 1 axial lineof the blank. Pufis of air are 'then introduced into the blank throughthe spindle to gradually develop theblank.

The bowl portion ofthe blank is .then placed I in a. finishing mold andblown to its final shape. The article may then be finished in theregular way byannealing, cracking ofl,

grinding and olishin The mechanism prerably employed for practicing theinvention is of the general of glass working, machines disclosed ypformer U. S. Letters Patent Nos.

1n my 1,223,393,1,248,664 and 1,195,588, with some parts modified orchanged to suit the re quirements of the invention. This type of formingmachine comprises a rotating structure provided with one or more glassgaththerein .and carrying a roll 15 at its rear ering units which areperiodically brought end in position to be engaged by a cam 16 to apoint opposite the working opening of on a stationary part 17 of themachine a stationary glassfurnace and are thrust structure when therotary structure is into such opening to make the successive at apredetermined point in its rotary gathers. When the blanks have beenformed movement, or in other words, when the in this way they aredelivered to spindles gathering ram has reached a point in its orothermechanisms for further treatment, cycle of movement at which it isdesired to said device being preferably carried onthe release the neckmolds from engagement same rotative structure which supports the withthe blank foot. A spring 18 acts on carrying mechanism so that themanufacthe rod 14 to normally hold it retracted in ture of the articleis completed by a series mold closing position. of automatic operationswhich are carried Each of the body molds 7 comprises two out bydiflerent parts of the single machine. sections or halves hingedtogether on a Referring to the drawings, '1 designates vertical axis 19(Fig. 6) with the sections the rotary structure of a machine forpraccooperating to give the finished shape-to the ticing the invention,which structure is stem 5 of the blank and the initial shape to adaptedto support a number of glass gaththe bowl portion 0 thereof. The moldsecering units. This structure also carries a tions, when closed, seatclosely around a spindle or blow-pipe 2 for each gathering lower edgeflange of the neck mold 6. The unit arranged to receive the glass blankssections of each body mold are connected toafter they have been gatheredand partially gether in spaced relation to the pivot 19 by a formed bythe gathering unit. pair of toggle links 20, which are pivotally Theglass gathering ram 3 of each gatherconnected at their inner ends to acoupling ing unit is mounted for reciprocatory move- 21 that is in turnconnected to the lower end ments on an inclined support 4, which is of avertically disposed lever 22. One of fixed to the rotary structure 1 ofthe mathese levers is provided for each body mold chine radiallythereof. The ram is'shown and is fulcrumed at 23 to the respective ramas providedwith two gathering horns 5, so horn 5. The upper end of thelever is conthat two gathers may be made simultanenected by a link 24 tothe forward end of a ously, and each horn is provided with a set pushrod 25, which is mounted in a respec' of neck molds 6 and a set of bodymolds 7. tive bearing 26 for reciprocatory movements which cooperate toform thegathering head longitudinally of the ram. A coiled comor blankreceiving'cavity of each ram horn. pression spring 27 is mounted on eachrod The ram of each gathering unit'has recip- 25 between the rear sideof the bearing 26 rocatory movements imparted thereto when and ashoulder on the rod and acts on the in register with the working openingof the body mold operating mechanism to norassociated furnace to quicklyproject the mally retain the body molds closed. The ram into the furnaceto receive a gather and body molds are intended to remain closed then toretract it into position to deliver the during a movement of thegathering means gather to the associated spindle2. A suitinto thefurnace and until the ram has been able mechanism for impartingreciproca-P retracted to near the limit of its-rearward I forming thefoot a and adjacent'porti'on oftory movements to the ram is disclosed instroke'when the rear ends of the push r ds Patent No. 1,223,393. 25 willengage respective spring pressed 7 Each neck mold 6 comprises two halvesbufieres 28 carried by the ram guide strucwhich are hinged to ether at 8and when ture 4 and be moved thereby to effect an closedjseat around aange 9 (Figs. 5' and 8) opening of the body mold, the open posion thelower edge of the respective horn 5 tion of such molds being-maintaineduntil to l sely embrace the same and cooperate the ram is again movedforward to receive a therewith to form a cavity for receiving andgather.

A cut-off knife 29 is provided for each the stem or neck I) of a blank.The sections gathering head to remove the surplus glass of each k1110101 6 v r s 1 (Fig. 3) from the inlet end of the body mold after-projecting therefrom in opposite directions the gathers have been made.The mechaand connected by a set of toggle links '11 nism for operatingthe cut-off knives is the to the adjacent end of a cross-bar12,'wheresame as that shown and described in my by a rearward pull onthe cross-bar will re former Patent 1208.7 91 and need not theretain theneck molds closed and a forward fore be specifically described herein.It movement of the cross-bar will cause an will also be understood thatthe means for opening of such molds. The cross-bar 12. creating asuction within the gathering is connected at its center through. themeheads to gather the glass therein and the dium of a link 13 to theforward end of an suction release -means maybe the same as operating rod14 (Fig. 8), which extends that disclosed in said Patent 1,195,588.

rearward through the ram 3, being guided The spindles 2 of each blowingunit are for longitudinal reciprocatory movements provided in pairs totake care of the two gathers of an associated ram 3 and the spindles ofeach pair are mounted" for vertical turning and swinging movements, toadapt them to receive the respective gathersfrom the ram when the freeends of the spindles are in upright position and then to swing or turnto lowered position preparatory to placing the gathers or blanks heldtherebyin the finishing molds, all of which operations \are wellunderstood in the art. A blank is clamped to the head or blowing end-.of the spindle by a set of jaws which engage a flange (1 formed aroundthe edge of the blank bowl. When the blank has been engaged by a spindlea plunger 31 in the spindle is operated to form "a central depression inthe outer end of the blank body and is then retracted to permit puffs ofair to be blown into the depression from the spindle to properly developthe blank. 'During or prior to the development of the blank in thismanner, it is swung by the spindle to lowered position and is laterplaced in a finishing mold 32 (Fig. 7). Prior to the closing of themold. sections 32 around the blank, which closing-is efiected in anysuitable or well known manner, as is common in machines of this class,the foot a of the blank rests on a support 33 andthereby supports theweight of the blank and prevents a lengthening thereof dueto gravity.

When the blank bowl has been brought into the desired shape within thefinishing mold 32, the blank is removed from the spindle and finishingmold and is then imished in the regular way by annealing cracking ofl',grinding and glazing substantially along the line e-e in Fig. 7.

The operation of my method is as follows: A blank having been gatheredwithin the molds 6 and 7 in the'usual or any suit able manner, the bodymolds 7 are first opened to permit the transfer of the blank totheblowing spindle,*as indicated in Figs. 1 and 5, which spindle may behandled mecha'nically or. by hand. Before the jaws of the spindle areclam ed to the blank the neck mold 6 is opene slightly to allow theblank to hang loosely by the foot, thereby permitting the blank toaccommodat'itself to the position of the spindle. 'When the blank leavesthe gathering molds the foot and stem portions a, b thereof'are infinished form and the bowl 0 is in blank form to be finished by thesubsequent operations. The next steps in" the development of the blankbowl may be accomplishedinthe up vertical position, the horizontalposition or the down vertical position of the article .de-

pending on the size, weight and shape of the blank. Fig. 8 showsthe-blank as leaving the gathering head and the plunger 31 of thespindle has moved into the blank to leave'a depression in the glassexactly on its. axis when withdrawn. The

. next step in the development, illustrated by Fig. 9, is theintroduction of a measured,

quantity of air under a predetermined pressure through the spindle andinto the depression in the lass to expand the soft bowl portion of theblank. The number of these puffs and the pressure used is determined bythe size and shape of the article and temperature of the glass. Beforethe final blowing of the article the spindle'is brou ht to the" downvertical position shown in Fig. 10. where the blank is blown out enoughto allow the foot to settle upon the bottom plate 33 ofthe finishingmold 32. The finishing mold is then closed around the blank and thefinal blowing of the article is performed as shown in Fig. 7 afterwhich. the article is removed from the finishing mold and spindle andthe outer end portion of the bowl broken oil and the bowl edge finishedin the regular or any suitable manner.

It is evident with my process that the stem foot and bowl of an articleof the stem ware type is formed from a single g ther, the foot and stembeing formed completely by the gathering mold while the bowl of thearticle is finished by subsequent trated and'described may be variedmate rially without departing from the scope of the claims. i

\ Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure: by Letters Patent, 15,, i

1. The process WhlCh consists in suckin glass into a mold, allowing oneend of sai glass to set in the shape given itby the suctionmold, andblowing into the other end of said glass to expand it beforeit is set.

2. The rocess of forming stemmed glassware, which consists in forming astem by sucking glass into a mold, and then forming the bowl by blowingglass integral with the stem. 3

; 3. The rocess of making stemmed glassware, Whlch. consists in suckingglass into a mold and thereby forming iifblank having the stem in finalshape and. bowl in unex panded form, and thereafter expanding the bowlportion; y

4. The process of forming stemmed glasss ware, which consists in forminga. stem in final .shape, with a bowl blank integrally attached, bysucking glass into amold, and

then blowing the bowl blank to final form.

5. The process of forming stemmed glassware, which consists in forming asolid blank having the stem in final shape with the bowl blankintegrally .attached, then supporting the blank entirely from the endopposite the stem while forming the solid bowl blank intoa parison, andfinally blowing the parison.

6. The process of forming stemmed glass ware, which consists ingathering glass directly from a molten mass into forming means andthereby forming a stem in final shape with a bowl blank attached, andthereafter giving the bowl blank final shape.

7. The method of forming stemmed glassware, which consists in forming astem in final shape with a bowl blank integrally attached by gathering,a definite quantity of glass directly from a molten mass into blankforming means, shearing the gather from the mass, and then blowing thebowl blank by means engaging the sheared por-,

tion of the gather.

8. The process of forming glass articles, which consists in gatheringglass from a molten mass, givin one end of the gather final form while te other end is still attached to the mass, shearing the gather from themass, engaging the sheared end of the gather with blowing means, andthen completing the shaping.

9. The process of'forming stemmed glassware, which consists in gatheringglass from a molten mass, giving one end of the gather the final form ofa stem while the other end is still attached to the mass, shearing thelgathler from the mass, and then shaping the 10. The process whichconsists in sucking a gather from a mass of molten glass, giving theortion first sucked up final form bysucking it into forming means,severing the gather from the mass, removing-the gather from the formingmeans, I engaging the severed endof the gather with blowing means, thenforming a blow opening, and finally blowing.

11. The method of forming glass articles, which consists in forming ablank by gathering a definite quantity of glass directly from a moltenmass into blank forming means, shearing from the mass the glass thusgathered, delivering the blank bodily from the forming means soas tohave the sheared end in engagement with a blowing means, and thenexpanding a portion of the blank adjacent the blow pipe while leavingthe opposite end inthe form given it by said forming means.

12. The rocess of forming glass articles, which consists in gathering adefinite quan tity of glass directly from a molten mass into formingmeans, shearing the formed end of the gather with blowing means, and Ithem by said means.

13. The method of forming blown stemware which consists in gathering apredetermined quantity of molten glass in a mold by which the stem andfoot portions of the article are formed'complete and the bowl portionthereof blanked out, then releasing the bowl forming portion of the moldfrom the blank, forming a depression in the outer end of the-blank bowl,engaging a blowpipe to the outer end of the bowl blank, releasing thestem and foot portions of the article from the gathering moldand-blowing the bowl portion of the article to'predeter-v mined shape,the bowl being encased within a finishing mold during the final blowingoperation, and then trimming and finishing the outer end portion of: thebowl...

14. In an apparatus of the class described, a gathering ram, sectionalneck molds. and sectional body molds carried by the ram and cooperatingtherewith to respectively form the stem portion of an article completeand to blank out the bowl portion thereof, and separate means operableto independently open and close the neck mold sections and the body moldsections.

mold being operableito blank out the bowl portion 'ofthe article, andmeans independently operable at predetermined points in movements of therain to open and close the neck mold sections andthe body mold sections.

15. In an apparatus of the class described,

16. In an apparatus of the class described,

to shape the bowl portion of the article after 1 being released by theneck and body molds.

17. In an apparatus of the class described. 1

a gathering ram, a sectional neck mold and a sectional body mold carriedby the ram and cooperating therewith to respectively form the stemportion of an article complete and blank out the bowl portion thereof,separate means operable -to independently open and close the neck moldsections and the body mold sections, and means operable to take thearticle from the neck and body mold and pneumatically act on the bowlportion of the article to shape the same.

18. In an apparatus of the class described, a reciprocally movable ram,blank gathering means carried by the ram and comprising a sectional neckmold and a sectional body mold with the sections thereof hingedlycarried by the ram for opening and closing movements, the neck and bodymolds cooperating to form the foot and stem portions of an articlecomplete and the bodymold being operable to blank out the bowl portionof the article, means independently operable at predetermined points inmovements of the ram to open and close the neck mold sections and thebody mold sections, and

meansoperable 'to shape thebowl portion of the article after beingreleased by ethe neck and body mold.

19. In an apparatus of the class described, a reciprocally movable ram,blank gathering means carried by the ram and comprising a sectional neckmold and a sectional body mold with the sections thereof hingedlycarfied by the ram for opening and closing movements, the neck and bodymolds cooperating to form the foot and stem portions of an articlecomplete and the body mold being operable to blank out the bowl portionof the article, means independently operable at predetermined points inmovements of the ram to open and close the neck mold the same.

20. In an apparatus for forming blown glass stemware, means forgathering a quantity of molten glass and shaping a portion of the sameto form the stem of the article complete and another portion to form thebowl blank of the article, means for taking" the article from thegathering means and blowing the bowl portion thereof intopredetermined'shape, a f nishing mold receiving the bowl blank duringthe final blowing operations, and means forming a support on which thebase of'the stem portion of the article rests during a predeterminedportion of the blowing operation.

21. In an apparatus for forming blown glass stemware, means forgathering a quantity cf molten glass and shaping the same to form thefoot and stem portions of an article complete and blankina out the bowlportion thereof, means for taking the article from the gathering meansand blowing the bowl portion thereof to predetermined shape, and meanssubjacent to the article and on which its footrests during a presignedmy name to this specification.

AUGUST KADOW.

bowl blowing

